Measures on Groups #
We develop some properties of measures on (topological) groups
- We define properties on measures: measures that are left or right invariant w.r.t. multiplication.
- We define the measure
μ.inv : A ↦ μ(A⁻¹)
and show that it is right invariant iffμ
is left invariant. - We define a class
IsHaarMeasure μ
, requiring that the measureμ
is left-invariant, finite on compact sets, and positive on open sets.
We also give analogues of all these notions in the additive world.
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An alternative way to prove that μ
is left invariant under multiplication.
An alternative way to prove that μ
is left invariant under addition.
An alternative way to prove that μ
is right invariant under multiplication.
An alternative way to prove that μ
is right invariant under addition.
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The image of a left invariant measure under a left action is left invariant, assuming that the action preserves multiplication.
The image of a left invariant measure under a left additive action is left invariant, assuming that the action preserves addition.
The image of a right invariant measure under a left action is right invariant, assuming that the action preserves multiplication.
The image of a right invariant measure under a left additive action is right invariant, assuming that the action preserves addition.
The image of a left invariant measure under right multiplication is left invariant.
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- ⋯ = ⋯
The image of a left invariant measure under right addition is left invariant.
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- ⋯ = ⋯
The image of a right invariant measure under left multiplication is right invariant.
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- ⋯ = ⋯
The image of a right invariant measure under left addition is right invariant.
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We shorten this from measure_preimage_mul_left
, since left invariant is the preferred option
for measures in this formalization.
We shorten this from measure_preimage_add_left
, since left invariant is the preferred option for
measures in this formalization.
The measure A ↦ μ (A⁻¹)
, where A⁻¹
is the pointwise inverse of A
.
Equations
- μ.inv = MeasureTheory.Measure.map Inv.inv μ
Instances For
The measure A ↦ μ (- A)
, where - A
is the pointwise negation of A
.
Equations
- μ.neg = MeasureTheory.Measure.map Neg.neg μ
Instances For
A measure is invariant under negation if - μ = μ
. Equivalently, this means that for all
measurable A
we have μ (- A) = μ A
, where - A
is the pointwise negation of A
.
- neg_eq_self : μ.neg = μ
Instances
A measure is invariant under inversion if μ⁻¹ = μ
. Equivalently, this means that for all
measurable A
we have μ (A⁻¹) = μ A
, where A⁻¹
is the pointwise inverse of A
.
- inv_eq_self : μ.inv = μ
Instances
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The image of an inner regular measure under map of a left action is again inner regular.
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The image of a inner regular measure under map of a left additive action is again inner regular
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The image of an inner regular measure under left multiplication is again inner regular.
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- ⋯ = ⋯
The image of an inner regular measure under left addition is again inner regular.
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The image of an inner regular measure under right multiplication is again inner regular.
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- ⋯ = ⋯
The image of an inner regular measure under right addition is again inner regular.
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- ⋯ = ⋯
Continuity of the measure of translates of a compact set: Given a compact set k
in a
topological group, for g
close enough to the origin, μ (g • k \ k)
is arbitrarily small.
Continuity of the measure of translates of a compact set:
Given a closed compact set k
in a topological group,
the measure of g • k \ k
tends to zero as g
tends to 1
.
If a left-invariant measure gives positive mass to a compact set, then it gives positive mass to any open set.
If a left-invariant measure gives positive mass to a compact set, then it gives positive mass to any open set.
A nonzero left-invariant regular measure gives positive mass to any open set.
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A nonzero left-invariant regular measure gives positive mass to any open set.
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A nonzero left-invariant inner regular measure gives positive mass to any open set.
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A nonzero left-invariant inner regular measure gives positive mass to any open set.
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- ⋯ = ⋯
If a left-invariant measure gives finite mass to a nonempty open set, then it gives finite mass to any compact set.
If a left-invariant measure gives finite mass to a nonempty open set, then it gives finite mass to any compact set.
If a left-invariant measure gives finite mass to a set with nonempty interior, then it gives finite mass to any compact set.
If a left-invariant measure gives finite mass to a set with nonempty interior, then it gives finite mass to any compact set.
In a noncompact locally compact group, a left-invariant measure which is positive on open sets has infinite mass.
In a noncompact locally compact additive group, a left-invariant measure which is positive on open sets has infinite mass.
If a compact set is included in a measurable set, then so is its closure.
In an abelian group every left invariant measure is also right-invariant.
We don't declare the converse as an instance, since that would loop type-class inference, and
we use IsMulLeftInvariant
as the default hypothesis in abelian groups.
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- ⋯ = ⋯
In an abelian additive group every left invariant measure is also right-invariant. We don't declare
the converse as an instance, since that would loop type-class inference, and we use
IsAddLeftInvariant
as the default hypothesis in abelian groups.
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- ⋯ = ⋯
A measure on an additive group is an additive Haar measure if it is left-invariant, and gives finite mass to compact sets and positive mass to open sets.
Textbooks generally require an additional regularity assumption to ensure nice behavior on
arbitrary locally compact groups. Use [IsAddHaarMeasure μ] [Regular μ]
or
[IsAddHaarMeasure μ] [InnerRegular μ]
in these situations. Note that a Haar measure in our
sense is automatically regular and inner regular on second countable locally compact groups, as
checked just below this definition.
Instances
A measure on a group is a Haar measure if it is left-invariant, and gives finite mass to compact sets and positive mass to open sets.
Textbooks generally require an additional regularity assumption to ensure nice behavior on
arbitrary locally compact groups. Use [IsHaarMeasure μ] [Regular μ]
or
[IsHaarMeasure μ] [InnerRegular μ]
in these situations. Note that a Haar measure in our
sense is automatically regular and inner regular on second countable locally compact groups, as
checked just below this definition.
Instances
If a left-invariant measure gives positive mass to some compact set with nonempty interior, then it is a Haar measure.
If a left-invariant measure gives positive mass to some compact set with nonempty interior, then it is an additive Haar measure.
The image of a Haar measure under a continuous surjective proper group homomorphism is again
a Haar measure. See also MulEquiv.isHaarMeasure_map
.
The image of an additive Haar measure under a continuous surjective proper additive group
homomorphism is again an additive Haar measure. See also AddEquiv.isAddHaarMeasure_map
.
The image of a finite Haar measure under a continuous surjective group homomorphism is again
a Haar measure. See also isHaarMeasure_map
.
The image of a finite additive Haar measure under a continuous surjective additive group
homomorphism is again an additive Haar measure. See also isAddHaarMeasure_map
.
The image of a Haar measure under map of a left action is again a Haar measure.
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- ⋯ = ⋯
The image of a Haar measure under map of a left additive action is again a Haar measure
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- ⋯ = ⋯
The image of a Haar measure under right multiplication is again a Haar measure.
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- ⋯ = ⋯
The image of a Haar measure under right addition is again a Haar measure.
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A convenience wrapper for MeasureTheory.Measure.isHaarMeasure_map
.
A convenience wrapper for MeasureTheory.Measure.isAddHaarMeasure_map
.
A convenience wrapper for MeasureTheory.Measure.isAddHaarMeasure_map`.
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A Haar measure on a σ-compact space is σ-finite.
See Note [lower instance priority]
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A Haar measure on a σ-compact space is σ-finite.
See Note [lower instance priority]
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If the neutral element of a group is not isolated, then a Haar measure on this group has no atoms.
The additive version of this instance applies in particular to show that an additive Haar measure on a nontrivial finite-dimensional real vector space has no atom.
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If the zero element of an additive group is not isolated, then an additive Haar measure on this group has no atoms.
This applies in particular to show that an additive Haar measure on a nontrivial finite-dimensional real vector space has no atom.
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