Building an R package using {fusen}

Figure 1: "Origami" by Andy Atzert is licensed under CC BY 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/?ref=openverse.

Writing your first full R package can feel overwhelming, but {fusen} can help support at this stage (Even if you are an experienced developer, there is something for you too in this blog. Please read on!). "Fusen" is a type of Japanese origami in which a flat piece of paper, when folded in a specific way and inflated, turns into a nice paper box/balloon. Similarly, the {fusen} package inflates a flat .Rmd template (which is filled in a specific way) and returns a nice package. In this blog post, I am sharing my experience of exploring {fusen} for the first time.

Pre-requisites

RStudio installed
Connect RStudio to Git and GitHub (Optional, but recommended)

Installation and initial setup

The CRAN released version of {fusen} can be installed using:

install.packages("fusen")

Then we will have to create a new project in RStudio by following: File > New Project > New directory > Package using {fusen}. This will open a Create Package using {fusen} wizard. Specify the directory name and choose a {fusen} template to work with. If you want to see how {fusen} works then select the teaching template (recommended when using for the first time), otherwise select the full template. You can also provide a name for the flat file that is to be generated. Check Create a git repository, Open in new session and finally click on Create Project to create the initial structure.

Convert a `.Rmd` file into a package

Following the installation and initial setup mentioned above (Select the teaching template and default name (first) for the flat filename. For the directory name, I am using my.teaching.fusen.package) will open a new RStudio session with an initial structure as seen in the image below:

Figure 2: Initial structure of a {fusen} project

Since a new RStudio session is open, you will have to install {fusen} again (using install.packages("fusen")) in this session to be able to use its functionalities in the new session. Navigate to dev/flat_first.Rmd flat file and observe the different chunks present in it. The chunks in the flat file help to set up your package:

description: In this chunk, you will add metadata about your package (for example, package author, package license, etc.).
development: This chunk can be used to write code for development purposes (we will not be using this for now).
function: In this chunk, you will write code for a function in your package.
examples: Here you would add examples of using the function which will become a part of the @examples field in the corresponding vignette.
tests: In this chunk, you can add unit tests for your function.

Add the appropriate information (title, description, author(s), email(s), license) in the description chunk and run it. It will generate the DESCRIPTION and LICENSE files for your package.

Figure 3: DESCRIPTION and LICENSE files generated after the description chunk in the flat file is run

There is a default function chunk, named add_one (along with its examples and tests chunk) present in the flat file. This flat file has the minimal structure required to be transformed into a package using the function fusen::inflate():

fusen::inflate(
  flat_file = "dev/flat_first.Rmd",
  vignette_name = "Get started",
  check = TRUE
)

After running the above function, if you explore the Files pane on RStudio, you will notice that it looks very similar to a package structure. Notice the new directories and files that have been generated:

R directory: It has the add_one.R function file, which is generated from function-add_one chunk of the flat file.
man directory: It has the add_one.Rd file generated from the roxygen2 comments in the function-add_one chunk.
tests directory: It has the testthat/test-add_one.R generated by the tests-add_one chunk of the the flat file.
vignettes directory: It has the get-started.Rmd file which is generated by the fusen::inflate() command.
NAMESPACE file: It exports the add_one function (provided the @export field is mentioned in the roxygen2 comments in the function-add_one chunk of the flat file).

Figure 4: Structure after inflating the flat file

At this stage, we have a proper R package structure - if you want to you can clean up any fusen related files and tags from it and can also publish it on GitHub!

You can also add new family of functions to your package using new flat template files. I will add two more functions (squared and is_even) using:

fusen::add_flat_template(
  template = "additional",
  dev_dir = "dev",
  flat_name = "squared", # and later on replace this with "is_even"
)

This will create a new flat file template named dev/flat_squared.Rmd (and dev/flat_is_even.Rmd when the corresponding flat_name is used) with the various (empty) chunks that can be populated. The chunks that I used for the respective flat files are given below:

Square of a number

function chunk to square a number:

```{r function-squared}
#' Compute squared value
#'
#' @param value A numeric value
#'
#' @return Numeric.
#' @export

squared <- function(value) {
  result <- value^2
  return(result)
}
```

examples chunk to square a number:

```{r examples-squared}
squared(10)
squared(73)
```

tests chunk to test the function:

```{r tests-squared}
test_that("squared works", {
  expect_equal(squared(10), 100)
  expect_equal(squared(73), 5329)
})
```

Is a number even?

function chunk to check if a number is even:

```{r function-is_even}
#' Check if a value is even
#'
#' @param value A numeric value
#'
#' @return Logical. TRUE if value is even, FALSE otherwise
#' @export
#'

is_even <- function(value) {
  result <- value %% 2 == 0
  return(result)
}
```

examples chunk to check if a number is even:

```{r examples-is_even}
is_even(20)
is_even(47)
```

tests chunk to test the function:

```{r tests-is_even}
test_that("is_even works", {
  expect_true(is_even(20))
  expect_false(is_even(47))
})
```

Inflate each of the two new flat files individually using:

fusen::inflate(
  flat_file = "dev/flat_squared.Rmd",  # and "dev/flat_is_even.Rmd"
  vignette_name = "Square of a number", # and "Check if even number"
  check = TRUE
)

This will update the package to include the two new functions, their unit tests, corresponding vignettes and .Rd files, and the NAMESPACE (if the functions are exported) in the appropriate locations.

Now that I have included all the functions that I want in this package, I will clean the package to remove any fusen related files and tags. This step is optional. It can be done using the function fusen::sepuku(). It will delete all files starting with flat in the dev/ folder and also remove any fusen configuration file, if present.

Finally, I will share the package on GitHub using fusen::init_share_on_github(). Running this command will start the process of committing the package to GitHub. Follow along the prompts to publish the various files - it will ask you to commit the current state. Eventually, you will be redirected to GitHub where your package will appear (don't forget to return to back to RStudio as the function is still running and there are more prompts waiting for you!). Keep following the prompts and the gh-pages branch will be created for you on the GitHub repository. Once the gh-pages branch is created, you need to tell GitHub to follow it, by going to settings > pages and in the Branch drop-down menu selecting gh-pages instead of None and then clicking Save. Wait for a few seconds and refresh the page to see the website link deployed for your package.

Note

You will notice a README.Rmd (and the corresponding rendered README.md) on GitHub with boilerplate content. Please feel free to update the README.Rmd file, knit() it, and share the updated version on GitHub.

If you want to add more functionality to your package, you can continue working on the it locally, inflate any flat files that you generate, and push to GitHub.

View my.teaching.fusen.package (generated by following the above instructions and hosted on GitHub)

Takeaways

{fusen} ensures that you are writing the documentation as well as any associated tests at the same time as writing your code (the best research software engineering practice to begin with!).
It is not only useful for first time R package developers, but also for more experienced developers, in the sense that they don't have to switch between R files, tests files, and vignettes while they are prototyping their functions.
Since all the related chunks are located in the same flat file, it avoids the risks of forgetting any crucial step.
If you retain the flat file(s), then it is also easier to review the code, because everything related to a particular function is available in the same file.
It is possible to switch from a package developed with {fusen} to a classical package and continue building the package using the classical approach.

Building an R package using {fusen}

Pre-requisites

Installation and initial setup

Convert a .Rmd file into a package

Clean fusen related files and tags

Share package on GitHub

Takeaways

Resources

Convert a `.Rmd` file into a package